PFAHZÁMH FWÍH

P F A H Z Á M H F W Í H

T H E A N C I E N T X W E N H L A N G U A G E

zOsxrE' Zósxré'! ("hello!")

Hidden in the arctic north regions of dimension 105C lies a collection of small, isolated volcanic islands. These were discovered and soon inhabited by tribes of what were known as the xwenh Xwenh people (that's xw̜̥ən̻̥), a race of heavily white-furred, bipedal polar-bear-like creatures only about 1 meter tall, who spoke a language named pfahzAmhfwIh Pfahzámh Fwíh. (that's ˈpɸahz̻ám̥ ɸw̜̥íh)

3000 years later, this ancient language and culture has evolved into many different varieties across those scattered islands, each with their own unique features. If you're interested in evolving it yourself ;;

Read through this documentation!
- I know there's lots of linguistic jargon in here, so for those just starting out and want to learn as you go, I've included some links to the concepts within these descriptions. ...the wikipedia articles are still dense, though. Thankfully you won't need most of them to jump in and get started!
Apply sound changes over the next 3000 years to evolve Pfahzámh Fwíh into something different than it was before ; Get creative! Think about how the grammar might change too. Here's a couple immediate things I can think of to get you going ;;
- Compound words can stack up some funky clusters, like m̥kxɾ̻̥ or ŋ̥ɣw̜ for example. How might you want to smooth those out?
- How might the case system develop and change over time, and what exceptions might arise from having pronouns + the definite article not match the normal case pattern?
- There's also a spreadsheet, if you'd prefer to work off that as a head start! Just make a copy of it to start editing your own version.
There's a couple things on these islands that are new to the ancient Xwenh people, which didn't have words in their lexicon at the time. Along with any other words you'd like, make sure to coin words for the following ;;
- Volcano
- Lava
- Vog (volcanic smog)
- Obsidian
- Earthquake
- And of course, the name of the island which your culture inhabits!
Translate the example sentences into your modern-day version of the language!
Show off your work with the community! There's no deadline, so you're welcome to work on this for as long as you'd like.
- check out #105c, where you can use the main forum to talk about each others projects, and/or make a forum post dedicated to your own!
- We'll be having an optional call where you can present your work! We've not yet confirmed the specifics of when this call will take place or any of the other logistics, but keep that in mind if you're interested in sharing with the community more officially. UvU

interested in seeing more images of what these islands might look like? just google pictures of the faroe islands, or drop ur little street view guy anywhere there. that's pretty much exactly how it'd look. >v<

C H A P T E R S

Click a section to skip to it.

nghi' srEk zAmh

P H O N O L O G Y

There are four vowel qualities, each with a low tone and a high tone variant.
All vowels are valid nuclei, and there are no diphthongs.
R and W can combine with every consonant except each other.
- If the consonant they combine with is voiceless, they devoice to ɾ̻̥ and w̜̥.
Importantly: Every root word is monosyllabic and must have a voiceless final consonant!
- Valid coda consonants are voiceless plosives, voiceless nasals, and voiceless fricatives.
- This means every root ends in: P, T, K, ', MH, NH, NGH, F, S, X, or H.
When two of the same consonants combine in a compound word, they do not geminate. The same goes for final devoiced consonants and their initial voiced equivalents.
- This means the words Nót + Tsanh combine to make Nótsanh, not Nóttsanh, and Swét + Díh combine to make Swédíh!

Stress always falls on the second syllable, unless that second syllable is a case, plural, or tense marker.
Since this people is not of a human race, these are obviously approximations, technically.
- All coronal consonants are laminal ; this tongue position is likely more natural for them to gravitate toward.

Some example roots and combinations ;;

Want

Dop

Love

Dopswét

want + sun

Fur

Brót

Mountain

Ngwek

Dandelion

Ngebrót

flower + fur

Island

Ngwektsro'

mountain + water

nghi' tswomh pfof

W O R D O R D E R

I see a house.

Fos nótreh páx.

1SG house-ACC see

A house is seen by me.

Nótreh fos páx.

house-ACC 1SG see

The primary word order of Pfahzámh Fwíh is subject-object-verb, though thanks to the case system, parts of a clause can go in any order except for the subject, which must stay at the beginning!

And because the subject must always go at the beginning of clauses, putting the accusative at the beginning of the clause gives a meaning that's probably most equivalent to how we'd use a passive in english ; its position promotes the object of the clause AS the subject.

The language is generally head initial, and adjectives go after nouns ; Notably, adjectives agree with the case of the nouns they modify!

A good house.

Nót xré'.

house good

I see a good house.

Fos nótreh xré'reh páx.

1SG house-ACC good-ACC see

For all copular sentences, there is no verb and simply lists the subject and object next to each other. The object still takes an accusative marker. This goes for adjectives too!

I am that.

Fos fwíh'epreh.

1SG DEM.MED-ACC

I am happy.

Fos vónghdíhreh.

1SG happy-ACC

I am here.

Fos trópmhap.

1SG here-LOC

twAf srEp zAmh

C A S E S

The roles of words in a sentence are shown with case suffixes and prepositions, with a lack of ending indicating a nominative case. Outside of this unmarked nominative, there are 4 case endings: Accusative, Genitive, Locative, and Comitative.

Most pronouns, as well as the definite article 'ep, have merged with their accusative and genitive forms ; all other nouns are entirely regular!

Some cases combine with prepositions to make further meanings ;;

For example ;;

In a house

Nótmhap

house-LOC

A house's [...]

[...] nótfwíh

[...] house-GEN

With a house

Nótget

house-COM

From a house

Reh nótmhap

against house-LOC

Using a house

Zós nótfwíh

toward house-GEN

To a house

Zós nótget

toward house-COM

zAmh pInh zrEmh

P L U R A L I Z A T I O N

Pluralization in Pfahzámh Fwíh is conveyed using a metaphor revolving around grass. Most nouns are singular by default, and pluralized with a -zámh suffix, which literally just means "Grass"! Though it should be noted that pronouns have separate plural forms, noted in the vocab list and the case table as well.

Some nouns, however, are instead mass nouns and are inherently plural. Grass is one of these nouns, along with other examples like Rés ("ground"), Tsro' ("water"), and Xwenh ("people"). In order to refer to these in the singular, they take a -nghi' suffix. This suffix is useful for coining new words!

These two suffixes go before any case suffixes, if applicable ; so "in houses" would be Nótzámhap, not Nótmhapzámh.

House

Nót

Word

Pfof

Houses

Nótzámh

house-grass

Words

Pfofzámh

word-grass

Grass

Zámh

People

Xwenh

A blade of grass

Zámhnghi'

grass-part

Person, Individual

Xwenhnghi'

people-part

pfof pfif zAmh mhe pfof zrEmh zAmh

A D J E C T I V E S + A D V E R B S

As mentioned earlier on this page, adjectives go after the noun they modify, and agree with that noun's case. There are also a number of prepositions that can proceed adjectives for comparative, superlative, and excessive meanings.

Warm

Vóngh

I want the warmest coat.

Fos brótxixreh 'eh swét vónghreh dop.

1SG coat-ACC DEF.ACC sun warm-ACC want

Warmer

Xep vóngh

up warm

Warmest

Swét vóngh

sun warm

You feel too warm.

Memh xah vónghreh pfris.

2SG ice warm-ACC feel

Less warm

Dengh vóngh

down warm

Too warm

Xah vóngh

ice warm

The warmer fire is better.

Nhwét 'ep xep vóngh xep xré'reh.

fire DEF up warm up good-ACC

Adverbs are created by putting the suffix -zrémh (literally something like "during"), and placing the adjective directly before the verb.

Strange, weird

Dwéh

Move strangely

Dwéhzrémh 'ok

strange-ADV move

Using -zrémh is also the main strategy for making sentences negative, using the word Rehzrémh before the verb.

I want it.

Fos hofreh dop.

1SG 3SG.INAN-ACC want

I don't want it.

Fos hofreh rehzrémh dop.

1SG 3SG.INAN-ACC against-ADV want

This adverb suffix -zrémh is also how verbs can adjectivize. Notably, because adjectival verbs came from an adverbial construction, they instead go before the noun they modify, and do not agree with the noun's case!

Move

'ok

Moving people

'okzrémh xwenh

move-ADV people

I see the moving people.

Fos 'okzrémh xwenhreh 'eh páx.

1SG move-ADV people-ACC DEF.ACC see

gras nghi' pfof rEmh pfof kwO'

T E N S E , A S P E C T , M O O D

Verbs are in the present tense by default, and because there's no future tense marking, it's also technically future tense by default too!

The past tense puts the auxiliary word Gras (which means something like "off of") at the end of the clause. Since the verb doesn't necessarily have to go at the end of the sentence, it's not suffixed at the end of the verb unless the verb is also at the end of the sentence. (it usually is, though.) Additionally, the addition of the adverb Xahzrémh can indicate a far past meaning.

Infinitives mark verbs with the locative suffix -mhap.

I see / Will see

Fos páx

I saw

Fos páxgras

1SG see-PAST

To see

Páxmhap

see-LOC

I saw (far past)

Fos xahzrémh páxgras

1SG ice-ADV see-PAST

In terms of aspect, there's only two distinctions ; Perfect/Perfective and Imperfective.

I have seen

Fos zrémh páxgras

1SG during see-PAST

I am seeing

Fos zrémh páx

1SG during see

There are three different ways to ask questions in Pfahzámh Fwíh ; one for open ended questions using the word Pwit ("what"), and two for yes/no questions. End a yes/no question with Senh to indicate you expect the answer to be yes, and Kap to indicate you expect the answer to be no. These words are literally best translated as "yes" and "no", respectively!

Senh questions can be appended with the adverb Zósrémh for an epistemic mood, and Kap questions for a dubitative mood. In the former, the Senh is optional.

What will I see?

Fos pwitreh páx?

1SG what-ACC see

Where will I see?

Fos pwitmhap páx?

1SG what-LOC see

etc...

Will I see? (I think so)

Fos páx senh?

1SG see yes

I may see [epistemic]

Fos zósrémh páx (senh)

1SG toward-ADV see (yes)

Will I see? (I think not)

Fos páx kap?

1SG see no

I may not see (dubitative)

Fos zósrémh páx kap?

1SG toward-ADV see no?

The auxiliary verb Get is used in several mood constructions. This construction on its own indicates a permissive, potential, and hypothetical mood. Adding the adverb Grexzrémh ("necessarily") gives an obligative, commissive, and jussive mood. Then, removing the subject makes it an imperative, and adding a Senh at the end softens it to an invitational.

I may see

Fos get páxmhap

1SG hold see-LOC

I must see

Fos grexzrémh get páxmhap

1SG necessary-ADV hold see-LOC

See (imperative)

Grexzrémh get páxmhap

necessary-ADV hold see-LOC

Let's see!

Grexzrémh get páxmhap senh?

necessary-ADV hold see-LOC yes?

There are a number other miscellaneous mood constructions...

I want to see

Fos dopzrémh páx

1SG want-ADV see

I can see

Fos vweh páxmhap

1SG raise see-LOC

*This construction likely comes from a meaning to raise up and volunteer out of a crowd.

If I see

Fos pfahmhap páx

1SG think-LOC see

Lastly for the moods is the mirative, which adds a construction "and up" before the sentence. This can be shortened to just the beginning!

I see!

Mhe xep fos páx!

and up 1SG see!

Woah!

Mhe xep!

and up!

brah pInh zAmh

N U M B E R S

Since their paws have 5 fingers each, counting in Pfahzámh Fwíh is in base 10 ; pretty familiar to our own system!

gemh

One

Gemh

mrak

Two

Mrak

wAngh

Three

Wángh

nghimh

Four

Nghimh

rA'

Five

Rá'

kwas

Six

Kwas

hIt

Seven

Hít

gox

Eight

Gox

nrep

Nine

Nrep

brah

Ten

Brah

Numbers 11-19 are made by sticking Brah before any other number. So 15 is Brah rá' and 16 Brah kwas!

20 is Brahzámh mrak, giving ten the plural suffix and putting two at the end. numbers 30, 40, 50, etc are all made this way. 21 is Gemh brahzámh mrak, 22 is Mrak brahzámh mrak, 23 is Wángh brahzámh mrak, and so on.

This continues until Nrep brahzámh nrep (99), and 100 is Vweh (literally "raise"). 101 is Gemh vweh, 102 is Mrak vweh, etc. ; every number up to 199 simply puts Vweh after it. 200 is Vwehzámh mrak, 201 is Gemh Vwehzámh mrak, 234 is Nghimh Brahzámh Wángh Vwehzámh mrak, etc all the way up to 999, Nrep brahzámh nrep vwehzámh nrep!

It should be noted that though Brah and Vweh are taking the plural suffix, counted nouns do not take this plural suffix when a number is specified.

Two houses

Nót mrak

house two

Thirty houses

Nót brahzámh wángh

house ten-PL three

Seven hundred fifty nine houses

Nót nrep brahzámh rá' vwehzámh hít

house nine ten-PL five raise-PL seven

nghwap zrEmh

W R I T I N G

Pfahzámh Fwíh's writing is made using paws smearing ink over wood ; in fact, the word Nghwap is both a verb meaning "write", and a noun meaning "paw"!

It's relatively simple, using logographic characters that represent root concepts and putting them next to each other. Spaces are used to disambiguate word boundaries. Writing is done left to right, top to bottom.

namhswEt 'ep fosreh nghrOfxixget mhe grasswEtzAmhget ngeppInhget vwehghA'gras

At the moment, every character is representative of one syllable, and most syllables are written as one character. That is, at least, true outside of the contracted pronouns and definite article, where for example the accusative second person singular Mreh is still written as memhreh, Memh ("you") + Reh ("against", the accusative suffix). There are a few other exceptions like Tróp ("here"), which came from Tró 'ep ("the place") and is still spelled that way!

Each root word gets its own character, so to see a list of all the different glyphs, may as well just check out the dictionary further below!

The font is also pretty simple. just type a root word to get its corresponding character ; Keep in mind that capitals should only be used for high tone vowels. So for example, ghongh (Ghongh, "bone") is written ghongh, while ghOngh (Ghóngh, "whale") is written ghOngh.

Download the font

pfof gras pfah zAmh mhe rEmh srEp zrEmh xwenh zAmh

I D I O M S A N D C U L T U R A L A S S O C I A T I O N S

Upon arriving to these islands, the Xwenh people had a few idioms and cultural associations, which may be useful when coining new words ;;

Ice is somewhat associated with time, since over time it's common for things to freeze (or less frequently, melt) up here in the polar region.
- This isn't really built in to their grammar much (yet?), outside of the adverb Xahzrémh ("Icily") being used to mark a far past, as if it had been frozen over!
- Coldness is also associated with harshness, seen in a word like Nghrés, which means both "Cold" and "Angry"!
  - It must be noted, though, that ice/cold is NOT considered inherently bad, nor associated with negativity specifically ; just harshness and extremity.
  - Marking an adjective with an an initial Xah ("Ice") makes it an excessive, for example Xah xré' ("Too good")

On the contrary, fire and warmth is generally associated with mildness, calm, and perhaps subtlety as well ; their word Vóngh means both "Warm" and "Calm".
- And note Vóngh is warm, not hot. They don't really have a specific word for hot, though perhaps Xah vóngh ("too warm") would work for that!
  - Thanks to the grammar construction for excessive adjectives, that literally means "Ice warm", which is strange, but that's the harshness idiom at work!
- A common idiom is Kxip xep nhwétmhap "Sleep on fire", which means to sleep deeply!

As mentioned in the plural section, Grass is effectively their default association for a large group of things.
- The islands they're now inhabiting notably lack trees. The continent they came from does have occasional trees, though.
  - Their writing used to be painted with inked paws smeared over wood... Seems it might need to be adapted for a new medium.

This culture gets most of their food from fishing, though they're much more inclined to get in the water briefly to hunt them, rather than use a fishing pole or net.
- As such, even though they live on land, they're excellent swimmers, going into the frigid water nearly every day. 'oknghróf means both "Hunt" and "Swim".
  - They don't normally wear much clothing, as it'd usually get in the way of swimming.
- A common idiom is Zós nghrófnghi'get 'ok "Move for one fish", which means something like "focus too much on one small goal" or like "put all your eggs in one basket".
- Nghróf, meaning "Fish", can also just mean "Food"!
- Boating is certainly a growing part of their culture, as they've recently just sailed out to discover your island!

They don't have much in the realm of religion and mythos ; there are no "gods" to speak of, really. They do, however, believe in what is kinda similar to a communal "karma" ;;
- When they go in to fish, they will always get more than they need and share it with others. If someone doesn't, they believe the fish the next day will be less plentiful, for everyone.
- Treating someone disrespectfully, in any way, will cause the rest of the community to respect the culprit less, even if it was done in secret and the community has no direct knowledge of this disrespect.
- The cause of this karma is not very defined (yet?) ; to them it's a fundamental way the world works.
- Their name for this concept is Ghá' swétxahfwíh (literally "yesterday's eye"), often just shortened to Ghá' 'ep ("the eye")
  - Though "better" is perfectly fine to be said as Xep xré', they'd usually say Zós ghá'fwíh (literally "with an eye") for a meaning of "better"!

get xix zrEmh krop trAt zAmh

D E R I V A T I O N S T R A T E G I E S

Though derivation can come from anywhere, many languages often tend to favor a few particular strategies to coin new words. Here's some that the current Pfahzámh Fwíh dictionary makes use of, which may be of use to you ;;

The singulative and plural markers -nghi' and -zámh are often used on words that are already singulative or plural, to make further meanings or sometimes completely different words!
- Rés ("ground") is a mass noun and inherently plural. Adding the singulative marker makes the word Résnghi' ("a handful of dirt")!
- Xwenh ("people") is also a mass noun and inherently plural. Adding the plural marker makes the word Xwenhzámh ("culture")!
Pính is a very semantically weak adjective, meaning something perhaps like "similar to". It's often used as somewhat of a catch-all strategy ;;
- Colors are made this way, such as Twespính ("black", night + pính) and Ngepính ("yellow/green", flower + pính)
- Some words for concepts are also made this way, such as Brahpính ("number", ten + pính) or Pwitpính ("example", what + pính)
Due to their cultural associations, it's not uncommon to see Xah attached to words to add a new meaning of time having passed, such as in the word Swétxah ("yesterday", sun + ice)
Though Reh is most often seen as the accusative suffix, thanks to its etymology of "against", it can also be seen as a primary component of negative words such as Rehdíh ("sad", against + head) and Rehsenh ("bad", against+ yes)
- That first example is also an example of many words for emotions taking a final Díh ("head"), such as Xahdíh ("serious", ice + head), and Xré'díh ("smart", good + head) which is considered an emotion to them!
On top of its use as a preposition, Zós is a productive derivation strategy that can mean anything like "toward", such as Mwe'zós ("tomorrow", day + toward) and Xwenhzós ("neighbors", people + toward)

tswomh srEk zAmh pwit pInh

E X A M P L E S E N T E N C E S

tsAp pwitget dopzrEmh 'oknghrOf

Who do they want to swim with?

Tsáp pwitget dopzrémh 'oknghróf?

ʦ̻áp ˈpw̜it̻gət̻ ˈd̻ɔ̜pz̻ɾ̻ə́m̥ ʔɔ̜kˈŋ̥ɾ̻̥ɔ̜́ɸ

3SG what-COM want-ADV swim?

fos ???reh 'epreh xep ???mhap pAx mhe ???reh 'epreh zOs brOtfwIh fosfwIh pfris

I see the lava on the volcano and feel the vog with my fur.

Fos ???reh 'eh xep ???mhap páx mhe ???reh 'eh zós brótfwíh fwíh pfris.

ɸɔ̜s̻ ???ɾ̻əh ʔəh xəp ???m̥ap páx m̥ə ???ɾ̻əh ʔəh z̻ɔ̹́s̻ ˈbɾ̻ɔ̜́t̻ɸw̜̥íh ɸw̜̥íh pɸɾ̻̥is̻

1SG lava-ACC DEF.ACC up volcano-LOC see and vog-ACC DEF.ACC toward fur-GEN 1SG.POSS feel-PAST

memh vwehgras pfrismhap ??? 'ep rEsreh 'epreh ngrik swEtxahmhap senh

Could you feel the earthquake shake the ground yesterday?

Memh vwehgras pfrismhap ??? 'ep résreh 'eh ngrik swétxahmhap senh?

məm̥ ˈβw̜əhgɾ̻as ˈpɸɾ̻̥ism̥ap ??? ʔəp ˈɾ̻ə́sɾ̻̥əh ʔəh ŋɾ̻ik sw̜̥ə́tˈxahm̥ap sən̻̥?

2SG raise-PAST feel-LOC earthquake DEF ground-ACC DEF.ACC shake yesterday-LOC yes?

namhswEt 'ep fosreh nghrOfxixget mhe grasswEtzAmhget ngeppInhget vwehghA'gras

The clock greeted me with refreshments and green curtains.

Namhswét 'ep freh nghrófxixget mhe graswétzámhget ngepínhget vwehghá'gras.

n̻am̥ˈs̻w̜̥ə́t̻ ʔəp ɸɾ̻əh ŋ̊ɾ̻̥ɔ̜́ɸˈxixgət̻ m̥ə gɾ̻aˈs̻w̜̥ə́t̻z̻ám̥gət̻ ŋəˈpín̥gət̻ βw̜əhˈɣáʔgɾ̻as̻

clock DEF 1SG.ACC refreshment-COM and curtain-PL-COM green-COM greet-PAST

pfof zAmh

V O C A B U L A R Y

I've been experimenting a bit with better ways to make vocab lists that can be more flexible / easier to produce on my end. At the moment, the presentation/formatting suffers a bit compared to other vocab lists on this site, but creating it has been waaayy easier. Currently looking into ways to get that flexibility while still keeping the nicer formatting, so hopefully for the next list it'll look just as good as the last ones!!

⠀
pfofpfif
pfofzrEmh
reh
bAtpInh
hap
gemhnghi'
mhe
nghrEs
pfofrEmh
mhwAk
rehsenh
wAfkxrO'
zOsget
dEf
twespInh
pwE'
ghongh
vEnghngep
rEsmhOx
pfif
rehget
grimh
namhswEt
brOtxix
'okzOs
rEmhsrEp
senhpInh
pfahgrasdengh
xwenhzAmh
grasswEt
ngepbrOt
mwe'
xrE'bAt
xixget
rEsnghi'
nOttsanh
dengh
zrEmh

bAt
pEs
ghimh
gox
pwitpInh
ghA'
denghdEf
pfris
nhwEt
tsro'mhwAk
nghrOf
rA'
panghxix
ngep
nghimh
xwenhxrE'
twAfpInh
brOt
nghrEsxah
xes
pangh
xrE'
kos
zAmh
vwehghA'
rEs
vOnghdIh
te'pInh
dIh
vax
zOsxrE'
trO''ep
fra'
get
tsanh
nOt
'oknghrOf
pframh
fos
fosreh
fosfwIh
xah
hofpfah
pfofgraspfah
kappInh
ngwektsro'
hof
hofreh
hoffwIh
tswomh
nghroh
senhpfah

sOnhpfah
zIp
ghwAt
mhOx
tswAmh
dopswEt
getxix
rehpfahzrEmh
te'rEspfif
kroptrAt
pfofkwO'
ngwek
mhap
'ok
gwomh
zOs
grex
rehzrEmh
xwenhzOs
xix
twes
nrep
kap
swEtdIh
kwO'
brahpInh

set
gemh
nghi'tswomh
nghi'
vaxkxipzrEmh
gras
nghwap
xwenh
nghi'srEkzAmh
trO'
twAf
zAmhpInh
kxrO'
trO'
pAs
vweh
pAxpfof
nghrOfxix
hi'
te'rEs
twAfsrEp
trAt
bIx
rehdIh
nhrA'
pAx
tswomhsrEk
xahdIh
hIt
ngrik
pInh
tsekpInh
nwik
pImh
kwas
vEngh
kxip
tsek
xrE'dIh
nhwEtxah
wAf
dO'
hwoh
srEk
namh
rEmh
rehrEmh
dwEh
dEfnghwap
swEt
sOnh
panghpfah
xwenhset
te'
brah
grasnghi'
'epmox
mox'ep
'epfwIh
fwIh'ep
'ep
'epreh
'epfwIh
tsApzAmh
tsAp
tsApreh
tsApfwIh
pfah
'epzOs
zOs'ep
pfahzAmh fwIh
namhvweh
wAngh
mwe'ep
mwe'zOs
namhxrE'
ngepngwek
mrak
xep

Pfahzámh Fwíh	Meaning	Part of Speech	Mass noun	Derivation
Pfofpfif	Adjective	n	No	Word + Bright
Pfofzrémh	Adverb	n	No	Word + During
Reh	Against	prep.	No
Bátpính	Alive, Eating	a	No	Eat + Similar
Hap	All-purpose reflexive pronoun	pn	No
Gemhnghi'	Alone	a	No	One + Part
Mhe	And	conj	No
Nghrés	Angry, Cold	a	No
Pfofrémh	Aspect (grammatical)	n	No	Word + Stop
Mhwák	Baby	n	No
Rehsenh	Bad	a	No	Against + Yes
Wáfkxró'	Beak	n	No	Snout + Pointy
Zét	Because	conj	No	Toward + Hold
Déf	Big	a	No
Twespính	Black, Colorless	a	No	Night + Similar
Pwé'	Blunt	a	No
Ghongh	Bone	n	No
Véngep	Books, Wood	n	Yes	Skin + Flowers
Résmhóx	Boulder	n	No	Ground + Liver
Pfif	Bright	a	No
Ret	But	conj	No	Against + Hold
Grimh	Claw, Nail	n	No
Namhswét	Clock	n	No	Stick + Sun
Brótxix	Coat	n	No	Fur + New
'okzós	Come	v	No	Move + Toward
Rémhsrép	Connect	v	No	Stop + Within
Senhpính	Correct	a	No	Yes + Similar
Pfahgrasdengh	Create, Envision, Imagine	v	No	Think + Off of + Down
Xwenhzámh	Culture	n	No	People + Grass
Graswét	Curtain	n	No	Off of + Sun
Ngebrót	Dandelion	n	No	Flower + Fur
Mwe'	Day	n	No
Xré'bát	Delicious	a	No	Good + Eat
Xixget	Different	a	No	New + Hold
Résnghi'	Dirt (a handful)	n	No	Ground + Part
Nótsanh	Door	n	No	House + Entrance
Dengh	Down	prep.	No
Zrémh	During	prep.	No
???	Earthquake	n	No
Bát	Eat	v	No
Pés	Edge, Coast	n	No
Ghimh	Egg	n	No
Gox	Eight	n	No
Pwitpính	Example	n	No
Ghá'	Eye	n	No
Denghdéf	Fall	v	No	Down + Big
Pfris	Feel	v	No
Nhwét	Fire	n	Yes
Tsro'mhwák	Fish eggs	n	Yes
Nghróf	Fish, Food	n	Yes
Rá'	Five	n	No
Panghxix	Fix	v	No	Give + New
Ngep	Flowers	n	Yes
Nghimh	Four	n	No
Xwenhxré'	Friends	n	Yes	People + Good
Twáfpính	Fun	a	No	Play + Similar
Brót	Fur	n	Yes
Nghrésxah	Furious	a	No	Angry + Ice
Xes	Game	n	No
Pangh	Give, Help	v	No
Xré'	Good	a	No
Kos	Grain	n	Yes
Zámh	Grass	n	Yes
Vwehghá'	Greet	v	No	Raise + Eye
Rés	Ground	n	Yes
Vónghdíh	Happy	a	No	Warm + Head
Te'pính	Hard	a	No	Tooth + Similar
Díh	Head	n	No
Vax	Heart	n	No
Zósxré'	Hello	other	No	Toward + Good
Tróp	Here	n	No	Place + The
Fra'	Hit	v	No
Get	Hold, Have	v	No
Tsanh	Hole, Entrance	n	No
Nót	House	n	No
'oknghróf	Hunt, Swim	v	No	Move + Food
Pframh	Hurt, Harm, Damage	v	No
Fos	I	pn	No
Freh	I (acc)	pn	No
Fwíh	I (gen)	pn	No
Xah	Ice	n	Yes
Hofpfah	Idea	n	No	It + Think
Pfofgraspfah	Idiom	n	No	Word + Off of + Think
Kapính	Incorrect	a	No	No + Similar
Ngwektsro'	Island	n	No	Mountain + Water
Hof	It	pn	No
Hreh	It (acc)	pn	No
Hwíh	It (gen)	pn	No
Tswomh	Joint, Elbow	n	No
Nghroh	Kind	a	No
Senhpfah	Know, Understand	v	No	Yes + Think
???	Lava	n	No
Sónhpfah	Learn	v	No	Take + Think
Zíp	Leave	v	No
Ghwát	Lie down	v	No
Mhóx	Liver	n	No
Tswámh	Long legged bird	n	No
Dopswét	Love	v	No	Want + Sun
Getxix	Make	v	No
Rehpfahzrémh	Maybe	adv	No	Against + Think + During
Te'réspfif	Metal	n	Yes	Tooth + Ground + Bright
Kroptrát	Method	n	No	Weapon + Root
Pfofkwó'	Mood (grammatical)	n	No	Word + Notice
Ngwek	Mountain	n	No
Mhap	Mouth	n	No
'ok	Move	v	No
Gwomh	Mushroom	n	No
Zós	Near, Toward (very semantically weak)	prep.	No
Grex	Necessary	a	No
Rehzrémh	Negative marker	adv	No	Against + During
Xwenhzós	Neighbors	n	Yes	People + Toward
Xix	New	a	No
Twes	Night	n	No
Nrep	Nine	n	No
Kap	No	other	No
Swédíh	Noon, Midday	n	No	Sun + Head
Kwó'	Notice	v	No
Brahpính	Number	n	No
???	Obsidian	n	No
Set	Old	a	No
Gemh	One	n	No
Nghi'tswomh	Order	n	No	Part + Joint
Nghi'	Part, Piece	n	No
Vaxkxipzrémh	Passive, Prone, Vulnerable	adv	No
Gras	Past tense marker, "off of"	other	No
Nghwap	Paw, Hand	n	No
Xwenh	Person	n	Yes
Nghi'srékzámh	Phonology	n	Yes	Part + Speak + Grass
Tró	Place	n	No
Twáf	Play	v	No
Zámhpính	Plural	n	No	Grass + Similar
Kxró'	Pointy	a	No
Tró'	Put, Place	v	No
Pás	Rain	n	Yes
Vweh	Raise	v	No
Páxpfof	Read	v	No	See + Word
Nghrófxix	Refreshments	n	Yes	Food + New
Hi'	Rest	v	No
Te'rés	Rocks	n	Yes	Tooth + Ground
Twáfsrép	Role (case)	n	No	Play + Within
Trát	Root	n	No
Bíx	Rough	a	No
Rehdíh	Sad	a	No	Against + Head
Nhrá'	Seabird	n	No
Páx	See	v	No
Tswomhsrék	Sentence	n	No	Joint + Speak
Xahdíh	Serious	a	No	Ice + Head
Hít	Seven	n	No
Ngrik	Shake	v	No
Pính	Similar	a	No
Tsekpính	Simple	a	No	Small + Similar
Nwik	Sing	v	No
Pímh	Sit	v	No
Kwas	Six	n	No
Véngh	Skin	n	Yes
Kxip	Sleep	v	No
Tsek	Small	a	No
Xré'díh	Smart	a	No	Good + Head
Nhwétxah	Smoke	n	Yes	Fire + Ice
Wáf	Snout	n	No
Dó'	Soft	a	No
Hwoh	Songbird	n	No
Srék	Speak, Talk	v	No
Namh	Stick	n	No
Rémh	Stop	v	No
Rehrémh	Stop (transitive)	v	No	Against + Stop
Dwéh	Strange, Weird	a	No
Défnghwap	Strong	a	No	Big + Paw
Swét	Sun	n	No
Sónh	Take	v	No
Panghpfah	Teach	v	No	Give + Think
Xwenhset	Teachers	n	Yes	People + Old
Te'	Teeth	n	Yes
Brah	Ten	n	No
Grasnghi'	Tense (grammatical)	n	No	Off of + Part
'epmox	That (distal)	a	No	The + We (exc)
Mox'ep	That (distal)	n	No	We (exc) + The
'epfwíh	That (medial)	a	No	The + We (inc)
Fwíh'ep	That (medial)	n	No	We (inc) + The
'ep	The	a	No
'eh	The (acc)	a	No
'éh	The (gen)	a	No
Tsápzámh	They (pl)	pn	No	They (sg) + Grass
Tsáp	They (sg)	pn	No
Tsréh	They (sg) (acc)	pn	No
Tswíh	They (sg) (gen)	pn	No
Pfah	Think	v	No
'epzós	This (proximal)	a	No	The + Toward
Zós'ep	This (proximal)	n	No	Toward + The
Pfahzámh Fwíh	This language	n	No	Think + Grass + We (inc) (gen)
Namhvweh	Threaten	v	No	Stick + Raise
Wángh	Three	n	No
Mwep	Today	n	No	Day + The
Mwe'zós	Tomorrow	n	No	Day + Toward
Namhxré'	Tool	n	No	Stick + Good
Ngepngwek	Tree	n	Yes
Mrak	Two	n	No
Xep	Up	prep.	No
???	Vog (volcanic smog)	n	No
???	Volcano	n	No

Pfahzámh Fwíh	Meaning	Part of Speech	Mass noun	Derivation
Pfofpfif	Adjective	n	No	Word + Bright
Pfofzrémh	Adverb	n	No	Word + During
Reh	Against	prep.	No
Bátpính	Alive, Eating	a	No	Eat + Similar
Hap	All-purpose reflexive pronoun	pn	No
Gemhnghi'	Alone	a	No	One + Part
Mhe	And	conj	No
Nghrés	Angry, Cold	a	No
Pfofrémh	Aspect (grammatical)	n	No	Word + Stop
Mhwák	Baby	n	No
Rehsenh	Bad	a	No	Against + Yes
Wáfkxró'	Beak	n	No	Snout + Pointy
Zét	Because	conj	No	Toward + Hold
Déf	Big	a	No
Twespính	Black, Colorless	a	No	Night + Similar
Pwé'	Blunt	a	No
Ghongh	Bone	n	No
Véngep	Books, Wood	n	Yes	Skin + Flowers
Résmhóx	Boulder	n	No	Ground + Liver
Pfif	Bright	a	No
Ret	But	conj	No	Against + Hold
Grimh	Claw, Nail	n	No
Namhswét	Clock	n	No	Stick + Sun
Brótxix	Coat	n	No	Fur + New
'okzós	Come	v	No	Move + Toward
Rémhsrép	Connect	v	No	Stop + Within
Senhpính	Correct	a	No	Yes + Similar
Pfahgrasdengh	Create, Envision, Imagine	v	No	Think + Off of + Down
Xwenhzámh	Culture	n	No	People + Grass
Graswét	Curtain	n	No	Off of + Sun
Ngebrót	Dandelion	n	No	Flower + Fur
Mwe'	Day	n	No
Xré'bát	Delicious	a	No	Good + Eat
Xixget	Different	a	No	New + Hold
Résnghi'	Dirt (a handful)	n	No	Ground + Part
Nótsanh	Door	n	No	House + Entrance
Dengh	Down	prep.	No
Zrémh	During	prep.	No
???	Earthquake	n	No
Bát	Eat	v	No
Pés	Edge, Coast	n	No
Ghimh	Egg	n	No
Gox	Eight	n	No
Pwitpính	Example	n	No
Ghá'	Eye	n	No
Denghdéf	Fall	v	No	Down + Big
Pfris	Feel	v	No
Nhwét	Fire	n	Yes
Tsro'mhwák	Fish eggs	n	Yes
Nghróf	Fish, Food	n	Yes
Rá'	Five	n	No
Panghxix	Fix	v	No	Give + New
Ngep	Flowers	n	Yes
Nghimh	Four	n	No
Xwenhxré'	Friends	n	Yes	People + Good
Twáfpính	Fun	a	No	Play + Similar
Brót	Fur	n	Yes
Nghrésxah	Furious	a	No	Angry + Ice
Xes	Game	n	No
Pangh	Give, Help	v	No
Xré'	Good	a	No
Kos	Grain	n	Yes
Zámh	Grass	n	Yes
Vwehghá'	Greet	v	No	Raise + Eye
Rés	Ground	n	Yes
Vónghdíh	Happy	a	No	Warm + Head
Te'pính	Hard	a	No	Tooth + Similar
Díh	Head	n	No
Vax	Heart	n	No
Zósxré'	Hello	other	No	Toward + Good
Tróp	Here	n	No	Place + The
Fra'	Hit	v	No
Get	Hold, Have	v	No
Tsanh	Hole, Entrance	n	No
Nót	House	n	No
'oknghróf	Hunt, Swim	v	No	Move + Food
Pframh	Hurt, Harm, Damage	v	No
Fos	I	pn	No
Freh	I (acc)	pn	No
Fwíh	I (gen)	pn	No
Xah	Ice	n	Yes
Hofpfah	Idea	n	No	It + Think
Pfofgraspfah	Idiom	n	No	Word + Off of + Think
Kapính	Incorrect	a	No	No + Similar
Ngwektsro'	Island	n	No	Mountain + Water
Hof	It	pn	No
Hreh	It (acc)	pn	No
Hwíh	It (gen)	pn	No
Tswomh	Joint, Elbow	n	No
Nghroh	Kind	a	No
Senhpfah	Know, Understand	v	No	Yes + Think
???	Lava	n	No
Sónhpfah	Learn	v	No	Take + Think
Zíp	Leave	v	No
Ghwát	Lie down	v	No
Mhóx	Liver	n	No
Tswámh	Long legged bird	n	No
Dopswét	Love	v	No	Want + Sun
Getxix	Make	v	No
Rehpfahzrémh	Maybe	adv	No	Against + Think + During
Te'réspfif	Metal	n	Yes	Tooth + Ground + Bright
Kroptrát	Method	n	No	Weapon + Root
Pfofkwó'	Mood (grammatical)	n	No	Word + Notice
Ngwek	Mountain	n	No
Mhap	Mouth	n	No
'ok	Move	v	No
Gwomh	Mushroom	n	No
Zós	Near, Toward (very semantically weak)	prep.	No
Grex	Necessary	a	No
Rehzrémh	Negative marker	adv	No	Against + During
Xwenhzós	Neighbors	n	Yes	People + Toward
Xix	New	a	No
Twes	Night	n	No
Nrep	Nine	n	No
Kap	No	other	No
Swédíh	Noon, Midday	n	No	Sun + Head
Kwó'	Notice	v	No
Brahpính	Number	n	No
???	Obsidian	n	No
Set	Old	a	No
Gemh	One	n	No
Nghi'tswomh	Order	n	No	Part + Joint
Nghi'	Part, Piece	n	No
Vaxkxipzrémh	Passive, Prone, Vulnerable	adv	No
Gras	Past tense marker, "off of"	other	No
Nghwap	Paw, Hand	n	No
Xwenh	Person	n	Yes
Nghi'srékzámh	Phonology	n	Yes	Part + Speak + Grass
Tró	Place	n	No
Twáf	Play	v	No
Zámhpính	Plural	n	No	Grass + Similar
Kxró'	Pointy	a	No
Tró'	Put, Place	v	No
Pás	Rain	n	Yes
Vweh	Raise	v	No
Páxpfof	Read	v	No	See + Word
Nghrófxix	Refreshments	n	Yes	Food + New
Hi'	Rest	v	No
Te'rés	Rocks	n	Yes	Tooth + Ground
Twáfsrép	Role (case)	n	No	Play + Within
Trát	Root	n	No
Bíx	Rough	a	No
Rehdíh	Sad	a	No	Against + Head
Nhrá'	Seabird	n	No
Páx	See	v	No
Tswomhsrék	Sentence	n	No	Joint + Speak
Xahdíh	Serious	a	No	Ice + Head
Hít	Seven	n	No
Ngrik	Shake	v	No
Pính	Similar	a	No
Tsekpính	Simple	a	No	Small + Similar
Nwik	Sing	v	No
Pímh	Sit	v	No
Kwas	Six	n	No
Véngh	Skin	n	Yes
Kxip	Sleep	v	No
Tsek	Small	a	No
Xré'díh	Smart	a	No	Good + Head
Nhwétxah	Smoke	n	Yes	Fire + Ice
Wáf	Snout	n	No
Dó'	Soft	a	No
Hwoh	Songbird	n	No
Srék	Speak, Talk	v	No
Namh	Stick	n	No
Rémh	Stop	v	No
Rehrémh	Stop (transitive)	v	No	Against + Stop
Dwéh	Strange, Weird	a	No
Défnghwap	Strong	a	No	Big + Paw
Swét	Sun	n	No
Sónh	Take	v	No
Panghpfah	Teach	v	No	Give + Think
Xwenhset	Teachers	n	Yes	People + Old
Te'	Teeth	n	Yes
Brah	Ten	n	No
Grasnghi'	Tense (grammatical)	n	No	Off of + Part
'epmox	That (distal)	a	No	The + We (exc)
Mox'ep	That (distal)	n	No	We (exc) + The
'epfwíh	That (medial)	a	No	The + We (inc)
Fwíh'ep	That (medial)	n	No	We (inc) + The
'ep	The	a	No
'eh	The (acc)	a	No
'éh	The (gen)	a	No
Tsápzámh	They (pl)	pn	No	They (sg) + Grass
Tsáp	They (sg)	pn	No
Tsréh	They (sg) (acc)	pn	No
Tswíh	They (sg) (gen)	pn	No
Pfah	Think	v	No
'epzós	This (proximal)	a	No	The + Toward
Zós'ep	This (proximal)	n	No	Toward + The
Pfahzámh Fwíh	This language	n	No	Think + Grass + We (inc) (gen)
Namhvweh	Threaten	v	No	Stick + Raise
Wángh	Three	n	No
Mwep	Today	n	No	Day + The
Mwe'zós	Tomorrow	n	No	Day + Toward
Namhxré'	Tool	n	No	Stick + Good
Ngepngwek	Tree	n	Yes
Mrak	Two	n	No
Xep	Up	prep.	No
???	Vog (volcanic smog)	n	No
???	Volcano	n	No

Hey! Zewei here.

Thanks for checking this out! I hope you find it at least workable enough, and it gives you a decent jumping off point to go from.

I have to say, this was pretty new for me. I thought it'd be very similar to how my process usually goes for developing languages, but this was surprisingly different ; I'm used to coining things as I go, presenting it all diagetically. If I never needed a permissive mood construction, for example, I often just wouldn't make one until it came up naturally. But in this case, I needed to think of stuff whether they came up naturally in my process or not! I quickly realized it was feeling impossible for me to really cover everything that anyone might ever want, in a way that would actually feel comprehensive for those experienced in conlanging... And I also feel it isn't nearly as accessible as it should be for those inexperienced, either.

I tried to make it not super complex, so anyone could jump in and have a go at it if they wanted. And because of that, I know there's a lotttt that I wasn't able to develop and present here, so if you're trying to translate something that isn't covered by this documentation (be it a grammatical meaning, something about their biology, a vocab word that isn't present in this incredibly small list, etc.), please feel free to just come up with it yourself! Your island(s) will ultimately be your own project after all. And I'm personally much more interested in just seeing where everyone goes from the same starting point, rather than delineating every tiny rule and detail that everyone must follow...

So, yeah.

At the end of it all, I hope everyone's anticipation for this event will feel worth it. If you want to a give it a try, I can't wait to see what you make.

🦉🤙✨

...im gonna finally get some sleep now.

- D E S T I N A T I O N S -

- L A N G U A G E S -

more on the way!